Retiring in France: Visa, taxes, and tips for US citizens

France’s allure for American retirees lies in its vibrant culture, world-renowned gastronomy, and the promise of a refined way of life. From the romantic walks by the Seine in Paris to the serene landscapes of Bordeaux’s vineyards or the sun-drenched beaches of the French Riviera, the country offers a diverse array of experiences. Better still, retiring in France offers numerous financial benefits for US citizens.

Key takeaways

• US citizens need a long-stay visa (VLS-TS) to retire in France, with proof of sufficient income.
• The French healthcare system provides excellent coverage at affordable costs for retirees.
• Americans must still file US taxes abroad and may also have French tax obligations.
• Popular retirement destinations include Paris, Provence, Dordogne, and the Occitanie region.
• The cost of living varies significantly depending on location, with Paris being the most expensive.

Why retire in France?

France consistently ranks among the top retirement destinations for Americans, and for good reason. The country offers an exceptional quality of life that combines modern conveniences with old-world charm.

The French healthcare system is renowned worldwide for its excellence and accessibility, ranking among the best in global healthcare assessments. For retirees concerned about health issues, this provides invaluable peace of mind.

The rich cultural landscape offers endless opportunities for exploration and enrichment, from world-class museums and historical sites to vibrant local festivals and traditions. The country's celebrated gastronomy and wine culture provide daily pleasures that enhance retirement living.

While Paris commands premium prices, many regions of France offer surprisingly affordable living costs compared to major US cities. Housing, food, and everyday expenses can be quite reasonable, especially in smaller towns and rural areas.

France's extensive public transportation network makes getting around easy and economical, even without a car. High-speed trains, local buses, and excellent urban transit systems connect virtually every corner of the country.

Long-term French visa requirements for US citizens

To apply, you must schedule an appointment at the French consulate in your jurisdiction. Gather all necessary documentation, including:

• completed visa application form
• three recent passport photos
• proof of health insurance
• a valid US passport
• receipt for the Residence Permit tax
• proof of address
• the OFII form
• a declaration not to work in France
• a signed CIR
• an OFII medical certificate
• proof of financial resources

Submit your application in person, as the processing time typically takes 2–3 months.

Once in France with your long-stay visa, you must validate it within three months of arrival. After the first year, you can apply for a carte de séjour (residence permit), which is renewable annually. After five years of legal residency, you may be eligible to apply for permanent residency.

The cost of a VLS-TS is €250. Consulting an immigration expert can provide personalized guidance. Retiring in France presents numerous advantages for US citizens, making it an increasingly popular choice for those seeking a fulfilling retirement. Remember, the process can be complex, so thorough preparation and understanding of the requirements are crucial for a smooth transition.

Cost of living in France

Understanding the financial aspects of retiring in France is crucial for planning a successful transition. Costs vary significantly depending on location, with major disparities between urban and rural settings.

Housing costs: Renting vs. buying property

Property prices in France differ dramatically by region. In Paris, expect to pay €10,000–15,000 per square meter to purchase an apartment, while in rural areas, homes can cost as little as €1,000–2,000 per square meter.

Renting offers flexibility but comes at a premium in desirable areas. A modest one-bedroom apartment in Paris might cost €1,200–1,800 monthly, while similar accommodations in smaller cities or towns might range from €450–800.

NOTE! France has strong tenant protections, but purchasing property incurs significant notary fees and taxes (typically 7-10% of the purchase price).

Groceries, utilities, and transportation expenses

A couple can expect to spend approximately €300–500 monthly on groceries, depending on shopping habits. Local markets often offer fresh produce at competitive prices compared to supermarkets.

Utilities (electricity, heating, water, and internet) typically cost €150–250 monthly for a modest apartment, with heating costs higher in winter, especially in older buildings.

Transportation costs remain reasonable thanks to France's excellent public transportation system. Monthly transit passes in major cities range from €50–75, while seniors often qualify for discounted rates. A small car's annual expenses (insurance, fuel, maintenance) might total €2,000–3,000.

Entertainment and dining out

Retiring in France offers numerous affordable leisure options. Museum entries typically cost €5–15, with many offering free admission on certain days. Senior discounts are common for cultural activities.

Dining out varies from €15–25 for a casual meal to €50+ per person at finer establishments. The lunch "la formule" (fixed-price menu) offers exceptional value at €12–20 for multiple courses.

Comparison with the US and UK

Overall, France offers comparable or lower costs than major US cities, particularly for healthcare, transportation, and food. Housing costs less than in New York, San Francisco, or London but exceeds rural American prices. While taxes may be higher, they fund excellent public services that reduce out-of-pocket expenses for retirees.

Healthcare in France for retirees

France's healthcare system consistently ranks among the world's best, combining quality care with affordability and accessibility. As a retiree, you'll have several options for healthcare coverage.

After three months of legal residency, you can apply for Protection Universelle Maladie (PUMA), France's universal healthcare system. To qualify, you must demonstrate stable residence and not be working in France. The system covers approximately 70-80% of most healthcare costs.

Many expatriates supplement the public system with private complementary insurance (mutuelle) that covers the remaining 20-30% of costs. These policies are affordable for those retiring in France, typically costing €50–150 monthly, depending on age and coverage level.

To register for French health insurance, you'll need to provide proof of residency, income documentation, birth certificate, and passport. The process can be completed at your local Caisse Primaire d'Assurance Maladie (CPAM) office.

Pro tip: Consider maintaining international health insurance during your first months in France until your PUMA coverage is established.

Taxes for expats in France

Understanding the tax implications is essential for a smooth retirement in France. As a US citizen, you'll maintain tax responsibilities to the IRS while potentially becoming subject to French taxation.
The French tax system considers you a tax resident if France is your primary home or you spend more than 183 days per year in the country. Tax residents must declare worldwide income to French authorities.

France taxes various income sources, including pensions, investment income, and rental income. The system is progressive, with rates ranging from 0% to 45% for 2024. Social charges may apply additionally to certain income types.

Retirees typically pay income tax on pension distributions, including Social Security benefits, 401(k), and IRA withdrawals. The US-France tax treaty prevents double taxation, but you must claim foreign tax credits appropriately.

All US citizens with foreign financial accounts totaling over $10,000 at any point during the year must file a Foreign Bank Account Report (FBAR). Additionally, the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) requires reporting of foreign assets exceeding certain thresholds. For more detailed information about US tax obligations while living in France, visit our US tax preparation in France guide.

Need help with expat taxes?

Our team of expat tax specialists can help you navigate the complexities of international taxation. We'll ensure you remain compliant with both US and French tax regulations while optimizing your tax position. Contact us today for a consultation.

Best places to retire in France

One of the many benefits of retiring in France is the diverse regions, with broad appeal depending on your preferences, from bustling city life to tranquil countryside settings.

Paris – The capital remains a magnet for those retiring in France who look for cultural richness, excellent healthcare, and a cosmopolitan atmosphere. While expensive, certain arrondissements (districts) offer more affordable living while maintaining proximity to Paris's unmatched amenities.

Provence – Famous for its lavender fields, charming villages, and Mediterranean climate, Provence attracts retirees seeking a relaxed lifestyle with 300+ days of sunshine annually. Cities like Aix-en-Provence offer sophisticated urban amenities amid stunning natural beauty.

Dordogne – This picturesque region in southwestern France has attracted British retirees for decades. With its medieval villages, prehistoric caves, and gastronomy (including truffles and foie gras), the region offers authentic French country living at reasonable prices.

Brittany – This northwestern coastal region appeals to retirees who prefer cooler climates and dramatic seaside landscapes. Housing costs significantly less than in southern France, while the Celtic-influenced culture adds unique character to the area.

Occitanie – Formed from the merger of the Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées regions, Occitanie offers a Mediterranean climate, vibrant cities like Montpellier and Toulouse, and established expatriate communities. Property prices remain attractive compared to neighboring areas.

Alsace – Bordering Germany and Switzerland, this northeastern region blends French and Germanic influences in its architecture, cuisine, and traditions. Picturesque villages dot landscapes of vineyards and rolling hills, while Strasbourg provides sophisticated urban amenities.